Genetic Diversity and Global Distribution of Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） Strains

Citrus tristeza virus （CTV）, the most devastating viral pathogen in citrus, causes tremendous economic losses to citrus industry worldwide. The CTV isolates exhibit variable pathogenicities on their ho...     

三北地区杨树速生林材积生长量与气候因子关系分析

应用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度分析方法 ,对三北地区杨树速生林材积生长量与气候因子间的关系进行了定量分析 ,确定出影响材积生长量的主导气候因子为水分因子 ,光照因子次之 ,热量因子的影响最小     

Genotyping of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Viruses Isolated from Cattle in Northern Italy

Following the first official report of a clinically severe outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea disease occurring in a farm in northern Italy, which had originated from the use of a live vaccine contaminated with a strain of BVD genotype II virus, a retrospective study on the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in Italy became highly relevant. For this purpose, the genotype of 78 BVDV-positive specimens, obtained in 1998–1999 from dairy cattle in an area near to where the outbreak occurred, was characterized by PCR technology. Two sets of primers, spanning the 5 UTR of BVDV genome, were used sequentially in a first round of RT-PCR, performed on viral RNA extracted directly from 15 clinical samples and 63 BVDV-infected cell-culture fluids; a second PCR assay followed to selectively amplify only BVDV genotype II. All the viruses under study were characterized as BVDV genotype I. As well as contributing to a better understanding of the prevalence of BVDV genotypes in the field, the results of the present study illustrate the possibility that novel BVDV strains can emerge in susceptible animals through the use of contaminated immunobiological products for bovine use.     

Assessment of changes in blood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration in dogs

Objective: To determine the continuous changes in blood volume in response to fluid administration using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: Four healthy dogs. Interventions: Each dog received intravenous boluses of 80 mL/kg of 0.9% saline (S), 4 mL/kg of 7.5% saline (HS), 20 mL/kg of dextran 70 (D), 20 mL/kg of hetastarch (HES), or no fluids (control, C) on separate occasions. Fluids were administered at 150 mL/min in the S, D, and HES groups, and at 1 mL/kg/min in the HS group. Measurements and main results: Blood volume changes were measured every 20 seconds for 240 minutes using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. There was a rapid rise in blood volume during all infusions. Immediately after the administration of crystalloid fluids, the rapid rise in blood volume ceased. Subsequently, there was a steep decline in blood volume for 10 minutes, and a slower decline thereafter. In contrast, the rise in blood volume continued for at least 10 minutes after the infusion of the colloids was complete, and a plateau was observed for the remainder of the experiment. The blood volume effect, as measured by area under the curve, was significantly greater in the saline group than the other groups during the infusion time and for the 0–240 minutes time period. The areas under the curve for the two colloid solutions were not significantly different from each other during any time periods. The percent increase in blood volume immediately following the infusions was 76.4±10.0 in the S group, 17.1±3.2 in the HS group, 23.0±10.5 in the D group, and 27.2±6.4 in the HES group. At 30 minutes from the start of the infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volumes were 35.2±9.3 in the S group, 12.3±0.9 in the HS group, 35.9±7.3 in the D group, and 36.8±6.5 in the HES group. At 240 h post‐infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volume were 18.0±9.7 in the S group, 2.9±6.1 in the HS group, 25.6±16.1 in the D group, and 26.6±8.6 in the HES group. The C group had a mean percent change in blood volume of ?3.7±3.4 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: This study indicates that the rapid administration of saline at clinically relevant doses leads to the largest immediate increase in blood volume, although this change is transient because of rapid redistribution of the fluid. Despite a brief increase in blood volume that was almost 3 times the volume administered, hypertonic saline led to the smallest increase in blood volume post‐infusion. The synthetic colloid solutions increased the blood volume by an amount greater than that infused and the effect was sustained for a longer period of time than seen following crystalloid administration, but the maximum increase in blood volume was significantly less than saline. The measurement of continuous changes in blood volume, using an in‐line hematocrit monitor, was a useful means of assessing the dynamic effects of fluid administration in dogs in a research setting.     

干旱沙区农田防护林营建模式与经营评价研究

通过对干旱沙区人工绿洲农田防护林林木生长量的调查测定和样本树干解析数据,揭示了林木生长规律,建立了树干材积模型,为农田防护林合理更新提出了科学依据。利用相关依据指标,对现有农田防护林的营建模式进行了评价,提出了新的更新模式。     

棉花落叶型黄萎病菌的检测技术

采用Nit硝酸还原酶缺陷型突变体技术，共得到棉花黄萎病菌Nit突变体301个，其中A型155个，B型97个，C型29个。共检测到落叶型棉花黄萎病菌11株，除以前报道的6株外，发现了5个新菌株。针刺接种后，在棉株上均引起典型的落叶型症状。通过聚丙烯酰受凝胶电泳比较落叶型和非落叶型的8个代表菌株的蛋白质电泳图谱的差异，发现在浓度为7.5%的凝胶中，落叶型菌株有两条特异性的蛋白，其迁移率分别为Rf5=0.135,Rf9=0.405。用非落叶型菌株DF4、落叶型菌株SY12菌体的可溶性蛋白制备获得两个抗血清。用间接ELISA法检测，即能区分棉花黄萎病菌的立枯、枯萎、炭疽病菌，落叶型和非落叶型黄萎病菌均呈阳性反应，但落叶型黄萎病菌的OD值高于非落叶型黄萎病菌。     

中国北方番茄主要病毒种类普查及TMV、CMV株系鉴定

1990—1994年,对中国北方15省(市)番茄4种主要病毒种类进行了普查,在3761份样本中,烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的检出率分别为34.5％—65.7％和11.6％—62.6％,马铃薯X病毒(PVX)和马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)的检出率一般为10％—20％。与此同时,也对番茄上的TMV和CMV进行了与抗病毒育种紧密相关的株系分化研究,在333个TMV分离物中鉴定出0、1、2和1.2株系,以0和1株系为主,在绝大多数省(市)中分别占分离物的50％和30％以上;在232个CMV分离物中鉴定出轻花叶、重花叶、坏死和黄化株系,以轻花叶和重花叶株系为主,在绝大多数省(市)中分别占分离物的30％和50％以上,这一研究结果为番茄病毒病的综合防治和抗病毒育种提供了科学依据。     

Identification and properties of a deviant isolate of the broad bean yellow band serotype of pea early-browning virus from faba bean (Vicia faba) in Algeria

A virus, isolated from faba bean (Vicia faba) obtained from Algeria, was readily recognized as a tobravirus by its particle sizes and morphology. Pea (Pisum sativum) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) characteristically reacted to the isolate like pea early-browning virus (PEBV), but faba bean,Antirrhinum majus, Nicotiana rustica, andN. tabacum reacted with line-pattern symptoms which were unusually brilliant on theNicotiana species. In electronmicroscope decoration tests, the isolate did not react with an antiserum to the Dutch type strain of PEBV, but with one to the broad bean yellow band (BBYB) serotype from Italy. It resembles this serotype in reaction on faba bean, but seems to differ appreciably onN. rustica, N. tabacum, andPetunia hybrida. It is described as a deviant isolate of the BBYB serotype of PEBV.All thirteen faba-bean genotypes tested were found to be susceptible to the Algerian isolate and two Dutch type strain isolates of the virus, and to react with erratic line-pattern symptoms to the Algerian isolate only. All ten genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) tested reacted hypersensitively, and four out of ten genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris) were susceptible to the virus but reacted differentially to the three isolates. Seed transmission of PEBV, including the new isolate, in faba bean is confirmed (9% for the Algerian isolate, and over 45% for one of the Dutch type strain isolates), and seed transmission of the virus in a non-legume (N. rustica, 4%) is herewith first reported. This is the first report on the occurrence of the BBYB serotype of PEBV outside Italy, and of PEBV outside Morocco in North Africa.     

杂交稻稻瘟菌致病菌系的组成及其变化

对四川省大面积主栽杂交稻组合汕优６３、汕优２号上的稻瘟病菌进行生理小种测定的结果表明，致病菌系由多个生理小种群组成，其中以ＺＢ、ＺＣ群小种为主。用不同生理小种的菌株接种汕优２号和汕优６３的结果表明：ＺＢ群小种对汕优２号的致病频率最高，为１００％，而不同生理小种群对汕优６３的致病频率无显著差异，平均为７５％。致使这两个杂交稻组合丧失抗性的菌株来自四川省发病多年的常规稻、雄性不育系和早熟杂交稻组合。四     

N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and derivatives as acaricides. II. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and chemodynamic behaviour

The biological activity of a series of N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and -carbodiimides, analogues of the insecticide/acaricide diafenthiuron, towards the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) and the two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae Koch) was analysed using QSAR methodology. A canonical correlation analysis allowed for the establishment of a prediction model and the identification of outliers within that model. The chemodynamic behaviour of certain compounds in the two series, including these outliers, determined by using photochemical experiments in the laboratory as well as in the glasshouse, was shown to be responsible for anomalous results obtained in the biological tests. It was found from the above study that the biological activity towards both spider mite species is extremely sensitive to the kinetics of formation of the carbodiimides from the corresponding thioureas and to the photostability of the former. The results obtained with a thiourea which underwent no appreciable photochemical transformation into the corresponding carbodiimide supported the hypothesis that the thioureas are also in-vivo propesticides of the acaricidal carbodiimides.